The problems of deformation failure of vertical storage tank under wind load were studied. The floating roof tank was established by using the Workbench software. The eigenvalues were used for buckling analysis and the buckling deformation diagrams of the tank were plotted. The modal maps of different orders were read by software to analyze the locations and causes of deformation of the tank. And by changing the wind speeds, the changes of the stress on the windward and leeward sides of the tank were studied. The results show that the displacement of the shell is mainly radial displacement. As the height increases, the stress caused by wind load is mainly changed from axial stress to circumferential stress. The equivalent stress is generally rising at the circumferential angle of 0°. The equivalent stress of the tank wall at the circumferential angle of 180° decreases first and then increases. The research results can provide reference for the wind resistant design of storage tanks.